Insecticidal spironindane derivatives

ABSTRACT

An insecticidal compound of formula I 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein X is O or NR 11  where R 11  is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl;
     Y is a single bond, C═O, C═S or S(O) m  where m is 0, 1 or 2;   R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 8  and Ra are specified organic groups and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;   q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 provided that p+q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; or salts or N-oxides thereof;
 
compositions containing them and their using in controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs.

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/581,177, filed Aug.28, 2008, which is a 371 of International Application No.PCT/IB2004/004108 filed Dec. 9, 2004, which claims priority from GB0328906.3 filed Dec. 12, 2003; the contents of all above-namedapplications are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to spiroindane derivatives, to processesfor preparing them, to insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal andnematicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them tocombat and control insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pests.

Spiroindanes with pharmaceutical properties are disclosed in for exampleWO9808835, WO 9825604, WO 9417045, U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,158, GB1421208and GB1423851. It has now surprisingly been found that certainspiroindanes have insecticidal properties.

The present invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I):

wherein X is O or NR¹¹ where R¹¹ is hydrogen, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl;

Y is a single bond, C═O, C═S or S(O)_(m) where m is 0, 1 or 2;

R¹ is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedalkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,optionally substituted alkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituteddialkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionallysubstituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionallysubstituted heterocyclyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted alkenyl,optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl,optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, formyl, optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, optionally substituted alkylthio, NO or NR¹³R¹⁴ where R¹³and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, COR¹⁵, optionally substituted alkyl,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heterocyclyl or R¹³ and R¹⁴ together with the Natom to which they are attached form a group —N═C(R¹⁶)—NR¹⁷R¹⁸; R¹⁵ isH, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy or NR¹⁹R²⁰;R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently H or lower alkyl; R¹⁹ and R²⁰are independently optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedaryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl;

R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, optionallysubstituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy or optionallysubstituted aryl;

each R⁴ is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, optionally substitutedC₁₋₈ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, optionally substitutedC₂₋₆ alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionallysubstituted alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylaminocarbonyl,optionally substituted dialkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substitutedalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substitutedheteroaryloxy, optionally substituted alkylthio or R²¹R²²N where R²¹ andR²² are, independently, hydrogen, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or R²¹ and R²² together with theN atom to which they are attached form a five, six or seven-memberedheterocyclic ring which may contain one or two further heteroatomsselected from O, N or S and which may be optionally substituted by oneor two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, or 2 adjacent groups R⁴ together with thecarbon atoms to which they are attached form a 4, 5, 6, or 7 memberedcarbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may be optionally substituted byhalogen; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

each Ra is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, optionallysubstituted C₁₋₈ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, optionallysubstituted C₂₋₆ alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl,optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted dialkylaminocarbonyl,optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl,optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy,optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted alkylthio,optionally substituted arylthio or R²³R²⁴N where R²³ and R²⁴ are,independently, hydrogen, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or R²³ and R²⁴ together with theN atom to which they are attached form a five, six or seven-memberedheterocyclic ring which may contain one or two further heteroatomsselected from O, N or S and which may be optionally substituted by oneor two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups, or two Ra groups attached to the same carbonatom are ═O or two Ra groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms form abond, or two Ra groups together with the carbon atom to which they areattached form a three- to seven-membered ring, that may be saturated orunsaturated, and that may contain one or two hetero atoms selected fromthe group consisting of N, O and S, and which may be optionallysubstituted by one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; or two Ra groups togetherform a group —CH₂—, —CH═CH— or —CH₂CH₂; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; q is0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 provided that p+q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;

R⁸ is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl,optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionallysubstituted aryloxy, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionallysubstituted alkylcarbonyl or optionally substituted alkenylcarbonyl; orsalts or N-oxides thereof.

The compounds of formula (I) may exist in different geometric or opticalisomers or tautomeric forms. This invention covers all such isomers andtautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions as well as isotopicforms such as deuterated compounds.

Each alkyl moiety either alone or as part of a larger group (such asalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,dialkylaminocarbonyl) is a straight or branched chain and is, forexample, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl,iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl or neo-pentyl. Thealkyl groups are suitably C₁ to C₁₂ alkyl groups, but are preferablyC₁-C₁₀, more preferably C₁-C₈, even more preferably C₁-C₆ and mostpreferably C₁-C₄ alkyl groups.

When present, the optional substituents on an alkyl moiety (alone or aspart of a larger group such as alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl,alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl) include one or more ofhalogen, nitro, cyano, NCS—, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl (itself optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl (itselfoptionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), hydroxy, C₁₋₁₀alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy(C₁₋₁₀)alkoxy, tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl(C₁₋₆)alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl(C₁₋₁₀)alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀ haloalkoxy, aryl(C₁₋₄-alkoxy (wherethe aryl group is optionally substituted), C₃₋₇ cycloalkyloxy (where thecycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),C₂₋₁₀ alkenyloxy, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyloxy, SH, C₁₋₁₀ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₀haloalkylthio, aryl(C₁₋₄)alkylthio (where the aryl group is optionallysubstituted), C₃₋₇ cycloalkylthio (where the cycloalkyl group isoptionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl(C₁₋₆)alkylthio, arylthio (where the aryl group isoptionally substituted), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl,C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl (where the arylgroup may be optionally substituted), tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl,aryldi(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl, (C₁₋₄)alkyldiarylsilyl, triarylsilyl, C₁₋₁₀alkylcarbonyl, HO₂C, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N—(C₁₋₃ alkyl)-N—(C₁₋₃alkoxy)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy (where thearyl group is optionally substituted), di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyloxy,oximes such as ═NOalkyl, ═NOhaloalkyl and ═NOaryl (itself optionallysubstituted), aryl (itself optionally substituted), heteroaryl (itselfoptionally substituted), heterocyclyl (itself optionally substitutedwith C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), aryloxy (where the aryl group is optionallysubstituted), heteroaryloxy, (where the heteroaryl group is optionallysubstituted), heterocyclyloxy (where the heterocyclyl group isoptionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), amino, C₁₋₆alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino,N—(C₁₋₆)alkylcarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkenylcarbonyl, C₂₋₆alkynylcarbonyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyloxycarbonyl,aryloxycarbonyl (where the aryl group is optionally substituted) andarylcarbonyl (where the aryl group is optionally substituted).

Alkenyl and alkynyl moieties can be in the form of straight or branchedchains, and the alkenyl moieties, where appropriate, can be of eitherthe (E)- or (Z)-configuration. Examples are vinyl, allyl and propargyl.

When present, the optional substituents on alkenyl or alkynyl includethose optional substituents given above for an alkyl moiety.

In the context of this specification acyl is optionally substituted C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl (for example acetyl), optionally substituted C₂₋₆alkenylcarbonyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkynylcarbonyl, optionallysubstituted arylcarbonyl (for example benzoyl) or optionally substitutedheteroarylcarbonyl.

Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

Haloalkyl groups are alkyl groups which are substituted with one or moreof the same or different halogen atoms and are, for example, CF₃, CF₂Cl,CF₃CH₂ or CHF₂CH₂.

In the context of the present specification the terms “aryl” and“aromatic ring system” refer to ring systems which may be mono-, bi- ortricyclic. Examples of such rings include phenyl, naphthalenyl,anthracenyl, indenyl or phenanthrenyl. A preferred aryl group is phenyl.In addition, the terms “heteroaryl”, “heteroaromatic ring” or“heteroaromatic ring system” refer to an aromatic ring system containingat least one heteroatom and consisting either of a single ring or of twoor more fused rings. Preferably, single rings will contain up to threeand bicyclic systems up to four heteroatoms which will preferably bechosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Examples of such groupsinclude furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl,1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl,1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl,1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl,1,3,5-triazinyl, benzofuryl, benzisofuryl, benzothienyl, benzisothienyl,indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl,benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazolequinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl andindolizinyl. Preferred examples of heteroaromatic radicals includepyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, thienyl, furyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and thiazolyl.

The terms heterocycle and heterocyclyl refer to a non-aromatic ringcontaining up to 10 atoms including one or more (preferably one or two)heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. Examples of such rings include1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran and morpholine.

When present, the optional substituents on heterocyclyl include C₁₋₆alkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl as well as those optional substituents givenabove for an alkyl moiety.

Cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

Cycloalkenyl includes cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.

When present, the optional substituents on cycloalkyl or cycloalkenylinclude C₁₋₃ alkyl as well as those optional substituents given abovefor an alkyl moiety.

Carbocyclic rings include aryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl groups.

When present, the optional substituents on aryl or heteroaryl areselected independently, from halogen, nitro, cyano, NCS—, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkenyl,C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl (itself optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl or halogen), C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl (itself optionally substituted withC₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), hydroxy, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀alkoxy(C₁₋₁₀)alkoxy, tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl(C₁₋₆)alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl(C₁₋₁₀)alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀ haloalkoxy, aryl(C₁₋₄)alkoxy (wherethe aryl group is optionally substituted with halogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl),C₃₋₇ cycloalkyloxy (where the cycloalkyl group is optionally substitutedwith C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyloxy, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyloxy, SH,C₁₋₁₀ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₀ haloalkylthio, aryl(C₁₋₄)alkylthio C₃₋₇cycloalkylthio (where the cycloalkyl group is optionally substitutedwith C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), tri(C₁₋₄)-alkylsilyl(C₁₋₆)alkylthio,arylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl,tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl, aryldi(C₁₋₄-alkylsilyl, (C₁₋₄)alkyldiarylsilyl,triarylsilyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylcarbonyl, HO₂C, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)-aminocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃ alkyl)-N—(C₁₋₃ alkoxy)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy,arylcarbonyloxy, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino-carbonyloxy, aryl (itself optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), heteroaryl (itself optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), heterocyclyl (itself optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), aryloxy (where the aryl groupis optionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), heteroaryloxy(where the heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl orhalogen), heterocyclyloxy (where the heterocyclyl group is optionallysubstituted with C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino,N—(C₁₋₆)alkylcarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, arylcarbonyl, (where the arylgroup is itself optionally substituted with halogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl) ortwo adjacent positions on an aryl or heteroaryl system may be cyclisedto form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itselfoptionally substituted with halogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl. Further substituentsfor aryl or heteroaryl include aryl carbonyl amino (where the aryl groupis substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), (C₁₋₆)alkyloxycarbonylamino(C₁₋₆)alkyloxycarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino (wherethe aryl group is substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),aryloxycarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, (where the aryl group is substitutedby C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), arylsulphonylamino (where the aryl group issubstituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), arylsulphonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino(where the aryl group is substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),aryl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylamino (where the aryl group is substituted by C₁₋₆alkyl or halogen), arylamino (where the aryl group is substituted byC₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), heteroaryl amino (where the heteroaryl group issubstituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), heterocyclylamino (where theheterocyclyl group is substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),aminocarbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl amino,di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl amino, arylaminocarbonyl amino where the arylgroup is substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen),aryl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonylamino where the aryl group is substitutedby C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen), C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkyl amino,di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkyl amino,arylaminocarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkyl amino where the aryl group issubstituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen) andaryl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl-N—(C₁₋₆)alkyl amino where the aryl groupis substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl or halogen).

For substituted phenyl moieties, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl groups itis preferred that one or more substituents are independently selectedfrom halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, CO₂H, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,R²⁵R²⁶N or R²⁷R²⁸NC(O); wherein R²⁵, R²⁶, R²⁷ and R²⁸ are,independently, hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl. Further preferred substituentsare aryl and heteroaryl groups.

Haloalkenyl groups are alkenyl groups which are substituted with one ormore of the same or different halogen atoms.

It is to be understood that dialkylamino substituents include thosewhere the dialkyl groups together with the N atom to which they areattached form a five, six or seven-membered heterocyclic ring which maycontain one or two further heteroatoms selected from O, N or S and whichis optionally substituted by one or two independently selected(C₁₋₆)alkyl groups. When heterocyclic rings are formed by joining twogroups on an N atom, the resulting rings are suitably pyrrolidine,piperidine, thiomorpholine and morpholine each of which may besubstituted by one or two independently selected (C₁₋₆) alkyl groups.

Preferably the optional substituents on an alkyl moiety include one ormore of halogen, nitro, cyano, HO₂C, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy (itself optionallysubstituted by C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy), aryl(C₁₋₄)alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₀alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₄₀ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, (C₁₋₆)alkylcarbonyloxy, optionally substitutedphenyl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, heteroaryloxy,heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl (itself optionallysubstituted with (C₁₋₆)alkyl or halogen), C₃₋₇ cycloalkyloxy, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl,tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl, tri(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl(C₁₋₆)alkoxy,aryldi(C₁₋₄)alkylsilyl, (C₁₋₄)alkyldiarylsilyl and triarylsilyl.

Preferably the optional substituents on alkenyl or alkynyl include oneor more of halogen, aryl and C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl.

A preferred optional substituent for heterocyclyl is C₁₋₆ alkyl.

Preferably the optional substituents for cycloalkyl include halogen,cyano and C₁₋₃ alkyl.

Preferably the optional substituents for cycloalkenyl include C₁₋₃alkyl, halogen and cyano.

X is preferably NR¹¹.

R¹¹ is preferably hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, most preferably hydrogen.

Preferably Y is a single bond, C═O or S(O)_(m) where m is 0, 1 or 2.

More preferably Y is a single bond, C═O or SO₂.

Yet more preferably Y is a single bond or C═O.

Most preferably Y is C═O.

Preferably R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ cyanoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl,heteroaryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl group may be optionallysubstituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl,or two adjacent positions on the heteroaryl system may be cyclised toform a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itselfoptionally substituted with halogen), aryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the arylgroup may be optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on the arylsystem may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic orheterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted with halogen), C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino(C₁₋₆)alkyl, aryl (which may be optionally substitutedby halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl, or two adjacentpositions on the aryl system may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen), heteroaryl (which may be optionally substituted by halo,nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl, or two adjacentpositions on the heteroaryl system may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, phenoxy (wherein the phenylgroup is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino), heteroaryloxy (optionally substituted by halo, nitro,cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy),heterocyclyloxy (optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy), cyano, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl (optionallysubstituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy), C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylthio orNR¹³R¹⁴ where R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, phenyl (which may be optionallysubstituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino, dialkylamino or C₁₋₄alkoxycarbonyl), phenyl (C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the phenyl group may beoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacentpositions on the phenyl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen), heteroaryl (C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl group maybe optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on theheteroaryl system may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 memberedcarbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted withhalogen) or heteroaryl (which may be optionally substituted by halo,nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆haloalkoxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino,phenyloxycarbonylamino (wherein the phenyl group is optionallysubstituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino), amino,C₁₋₆ alkylamino or phenylamino (wherein the phenyl group is optionallysubstituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino)).

More preferably R¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁₋₃)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl groupmay be optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on the heteroaryl system maybe cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclicring, itself optionally substituted with halogen), phenyl(C₁₋₃)alkyl(wherein the phenyl group may be optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl,heteroaryl, amino, dialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on the phenyl ring may becyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,itself optionally substituted with halogen), phenyl (which may beoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacentpositions on the phenyl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen), heteroaryl (which may be optionally substituted by halo,nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent positions onthe heteroaryl system may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 memberedcarbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted withhalogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, heterocyclyl(optionally substituted by halo, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy), C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylthio orNR¹³R¹⁴ where R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl,(where the phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino), phenyl(C₁₋₃)alkyl (wherein the phenyl group maybe optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacentpositions on the phenyl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen) or heteroaryl(C₁₋₃)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl group maybe optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on theheteroaryl system may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 memberedcarbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted withhalogen).

Even more preferably R¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl,heteroaryl(C₁₋₃)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl group may be optionallysubstituted by halo, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and where theheteroaryl group is a thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine orpyridazine ring), heteroaryl (optionally substituted by halo, cyano,C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and where the heteroaryl group is a pyridine,pyrimidine, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, pyrazine or pyridazine ring), C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, C₁₋₆alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkylamino or heteroaryl(C₁₋₃)alkylamino (wherein theheteroaryl group may be optionally substituted by halo, cyano, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl and where the heteroaryl group is a thiazole,pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine or pyridazine ring).

Most preferably R¹ is pyridyl (optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₃alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl) especially halo-substituted pyridyl.

It is preferred that R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or cyano.

More preferably R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₂alkyl, C₁₋₂ haloalkyl, C₁₋₂ alkoxy, cyano.

Even more preferably R² and R³ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

Yet more preferably R² and R³ are independently hydrogen or methyl.

Most preferably R² and R³ are both hydrogen.

Preferably each R⁴ is independently halogen, cyano, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₁₋₈haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ cyano alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₅₋₆ cycloalkenyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₃₋₆alkenyloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, aryloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl,C₁₋₆ carboxyalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)-alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₃₋₆alkynyloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, aryloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylthio(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, aminocarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylaminocarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl, di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl,phenyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl (wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted byhalogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN,NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino), heteroaryl(C₁₋₄)alkyl(wherein the heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by halo, nitro,cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy),heterocyclyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl (wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionallysubstituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy), C₂₋₆ alkenyl, aminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl,C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl,di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl, phenyl(C₂₋₄)-alkenyl, (whereinthe phenyl group is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino), C₂₋₆ alkynyl, trimethylsilyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl,aminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl,di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ halocycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cyanocycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl(C₃₋₇)-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyl(C₃₋₇)halocycloalkyl, phenyl(optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino), heteroaryl (optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano,C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy),heterocyclyl (wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substitutedby halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆haloalkoxy), or 2 adjacent groups R⁴ together with the carbon atoms towhich they are attached form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocylic orheterocyclic ring which may be optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₈alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, phenoxy (optionally substituted by halo, nitro,cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy),heteroaryloxy (optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy), C₁₋₈ alkylthio orR¹⁹R²⁰N where R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are, independently, hydrogen, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl or R¹⁹ and R²⁰ together with the N atom to which they areattached form a five, six or seven-membered heterocyclic ring which maycontain one or two further in heteroatoms selected from O, N or S andwhich may be optionally substituted by one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; nis 0, 1, 2 or 3.

More preferably each R⁴ is independently halogen, cyano, C₁₋₈ alkyl,C₁₋₈ haloalkyl, C₁₋₈ cyanoalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl,trimethylsilyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl(C₃₋₇)cycloalkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl,heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino), heterocyclyl (optionally substitutedby halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆haloalkoxy), C₁₋₈ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, phenoxy (optionallysubstituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino),heteroaryloxy (optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₃ alkyl,C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy or C₁₋₃ haloalkoxy), di(C₁₋₈)alkylamino, or2 adjacent groups R⁴ together with the carbon atoms to which they areattached form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocylic or heterocyclic ringwhich may be optionally substituted by halogen; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Even more preferably each R⁴ is independently halogen, cyano, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈ haloalkyl, C₁₋₈ cyanoalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, heterocyclyl (optionally substituted by C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₈alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, phenoxy (optionally substituted by halo, cyano,C₁₋₃ alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), heteroaryloxy (optionally substituted byhalo, cyano, C₁₋₃ alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl), di(C₁₋₈)alkylamino or 2adjacent groups R⁴ together with the carbon atoms to which they areattached form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocylic or heterocyclic ringwhich may be optionally substituted by halogen; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Yet more preferably each R⁴ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo,cyano, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ cyanoalkyl or C₁₋₃alkoxy(C₁₋₃)alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2.

Most preferably each R⁴ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, C₁₋₄alkyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; n is 1 or 2.

Preferably R⁸ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ haloalkyl, aryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl (whereinthe aryl group is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino), heteroaryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the heteroarylgroup is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino), arylcarbonyl-(C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the aryl group may beoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino and the alkyl group may be optionally substituted by aryl),C₂₋₈ alkenyl, C₂₋₈ haloalkenyl, aryl(C₂₋₆)-alkenyl (wherein the arylgroup is optionally substituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent substituents cancyclise to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring),heteroaryl(C₂₋₆)-alkenyl (wherein the heteroaryl group is optionallysubstituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent substituents can cyclise to form a 5, 6or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring), C₂₋₆ alkynyl,phenyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl (wherein the phenyl group is optionally substitutedby halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino), C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylcarbonyl oraryl(C₂₋₆)alkenylcarbonyl (wherein the aryl group may be optionallysubstituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino), or—C(R⁵¹)(R⁵²)—[CR⁵³═CR⁵⁴]z-R⁵⁵ where z is 1 or 2, R⁵¹ and R⁵² are eachindependently H, halo or C₁₋₂ alkyl, R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are each independentlyH, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and R⁵⁵ is optionallysubstituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.

More preferably R⁸ is phenyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl (wherein the phenyl group isoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino), heteroaryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl (wherein the heteroaryl group isoptionally substituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl,C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino),phenyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl (wherein the phenyl group is optionally substitutedby halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino),heteroaryl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl (wherein the heteroaryl group is optionallysubstituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino) orphenyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl (wherein the phenyl group is optionally substitutedby halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino, or—C(R⁵¹)(R⁵²)—[CR⁵³═CR⁵⁴]z-R⁵⁵ where z is 1 or 2, R⁵¹ and R⁵² are eachindependently H, halo or C₁₋₂ alkyl, R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are each independentlyH, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkyl and R⁵⁵ is optionallysubstituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.

Most preferably R⁸ is —C(R⁵¹)(R⁵²)—[CR⁵³═CR⁵⁴]z-R⁵⁵ where z is 1 or 2,preferably 1, R⁵¹ and R⁵² are each independently H, halo or C₁₋₂ alkyl,R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are each independently H, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄haloalkyl and R⁵⁵ is phenyl substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino or heteroaryl substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino.

R⁵¹ and R⁵² are preferably hydrogen.

R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are preferably hydrogen or halogen, especially hydrogen. R⁵⁵is preferably phenyl substituted with one to three substituents selectedfrom halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino.

Preferably each Ra is independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, C₁₋₃ alkyl,hydroxy or two Ra groups together with the carbon atom to which they areattached form a carbonyl group

More preferably each Ra is independently hydrogen, fluoro, methyl,hydroxy or two Ra groups together with the carbon atom to which they areattached form a carbonyl group

Most preferably each Ra is hydrogen.

Preferably p is 1, 2 or 3 and q is 1, 2 or 3 and p+q is 2 or 3.

More preferably p is for 2 and q is 2.

Most preferably p and q are both 2.

The compounds in Tables I to LXX below illustrate the compounds of theinvention.

Table I provides 782 compounds of formula Ia

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

TABLE 1 Compound No R⁸ R^(4a) R^(4b) R^(4c) R^(4d) I-1 4-chlorobenzyl HH H H I-2 Cinnamyl H H H H I-3 4-chlorocinnamyl H H H H I-44-fluorocinnamyl H H H H I-5 4-bromocinnamyl H H H H I-64-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H H H I-7 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H H HI-8 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H H H I-9 4-methoxycinnamyl H H H HI-10 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H H H I-11 4-cyanocinnamyl H H H H I-123-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H H H H I-133-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H H H I-143-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H H H I-153-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H H H I-16 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H H HI-17 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H H H I-184-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H H H I-193-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H H H I-203-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H H I-213-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H H I-22 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H H HH I-23 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H H H I-24 4-chlorobenzyl H F HH I-25 Cinnamyl H F H H I-26 4-chlorocinnamyl H F H H I-274-fluorocinnamyl H F H H I-28 4-bromocinnamyl H F H H I-294-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H F H H I-30 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H F HH I-31 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H F H H I-32 4-methoxycinnamyl H F HH I-33 4-ethoxycinnamyl H F H H I-34 4-cyanocinnamyl H F H H I-353-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H F H H I-363-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H F H H I-373-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H F H H I-383-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H F H H I-39 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H F H HI-40 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H F H H I-414-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H F H H I-423-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H F H H I-433-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F H H I-443-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F H H I-45 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H F HH I-46 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H F H H I-47 4-chlorobenzyl H ClH H I-48 Cinnamyl H Cl H H I-49 4-chlorocinnamyl H Cl H H I-504-fluorocinnamyl H Cl H H I-51 4-bromocinnamyl H Cl H H I-524-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H Cl H H I-53 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H ClH H I-54 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H Cl H H I-55 4-methoxycinnamyl HCl H H I-56 4-ethoxycinnamyl H Cl H H I-57 4-cyanocinnamyl H Cl H H I-583-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H Cl H H I-593-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H Cl H H I-603-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H Cl H H I-613-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H Cl H H I-62 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H Cl H HI-63 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H Cl H H I-644-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H Cl H H I-653-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H Cl H H I-663-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl H H I-673-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl H H I-68 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H ClH H I-69 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H Cl H H I-70 4-chlorobenzyl HBr H H I-71 Cinnamyl H Br H H I-72 4-chlorocinnamyl H Br H H I-734-fluorocinnamyl H Br H H I-74 4-bromocinnamyl H Br H H I-754-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H Br H H I-76 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H BrH H I-77 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H Br H H I-78 4-methoxycinnamyl HBr H H I-79 4-ethoxycinnamyl H Br H H I-80 4-cyanocinnamyl H Br H H I-813-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H Br H H I-823-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H Br H H I-833-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H Br H H I-843-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H Br H H I-85 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H Br H HI-86 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H Br H H I-874-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H Br H H I-883-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H Br H H I-893-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Br H H I-903-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Br H H I-91 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H BrH H I-92 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H Br H H I-93 4-chlorobenzyl HCN H H I-94 Cinnamyl H CN H H I-95 4-chlorocinnamyl H CN H H I-964-fluorocinnamyl H CN H H I-97 4-bromocinnamyl H CN H H I-984-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H CN H H I-99 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H CNH H I-100 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H CN H H I-101 4-methoxycinnamyl HCN H H I-102 4-ethoxycinnamyl H CN H H I-103 4-cyanocinnamyl H CN H HI-104 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H CN H H I-1053-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H CN H H I-1063-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H CN H H I-1073-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H CN H H I-108 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H CN H HI-109 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H CN H H I-1104-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H CN H H I-1113-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H CN H H I-1123-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CN H H I-1133-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CN H H I-114 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H CNH H I-115 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H CN H H I-116 4-chlorobenzylH OMe H H I-117 Cinnamyl H OMe H H I-118 4-chlorocinnamyl H OMe H HI-119 4-fluorocinnamyl H OMe H H I-120 4-bromocinnamyl H OMe H H I-1214-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H OMe H H I-122 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl HOMe H H I-123 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H OMe H H I-1244-methoxycinnamyl H OMe H H I-125 4-ethoxycinnamyl H OMe H H I-1264-cyanocinnamyl H OMe H H I-127 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H OMe HH I-128 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H OMe H H I-1293-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H OMe H H I-1303-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H OMe H H I-131 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H OMe HH I-132 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H OMe H H I-1334-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H OMe H H I-1343-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H OMe H H I-1353-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H OMe H H I-1363-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H OMe H H I-137 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HOMe H H I-138 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H OMe H H I-1394-chlorobenzyl H OCF₃ H H I-140 Cinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-1414-chlorocinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-142 4-fluorocinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-1434-bromocinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-144 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H OCF₃ H HI-145 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-1464-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-147 4-methoxycinnamyl H OCF₃ HH I-148 4-ethoxycinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-149 4-cyanocinnamyl H OCF₃ H HI-150 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-1513-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H OCF₃ H H I-1523-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-1533-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-154 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H OCF₃H H I-155 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H OCF₃ H H I-1564-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H OCF₃ H H I-1573-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-1583-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-1593-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-160 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HOCF₃ H H I-161 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H OCF₃ H H I-1624-chlorobenzyl H CH₃ H H I-163 Cinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-164 4-chlorocinnamylH CH₃ H H I-165 4-fluorocinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-166 4-bromocinnamyl H CH₃ HH I-167 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-1684-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-169 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HCH₃ H H I-170 4-methoxycinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-171 4-ethoxycinnamyl H CH₃ HH I-172 4-cyanocinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-173 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allylH CH₃ H H I-174 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H CH₃ H H I-1753-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H CH₃ H H I-1763-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-177 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H CH₃ HH I-178 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H CH₃ H H I-1794-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H CH₃ H H I-1803-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H CH₃ H H I-1813-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CH₃ H H I-1823-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CH₃ H H I-183 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HCH₃ H H I-184 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H CH₃ H H I-1854-chlorobenzyl H CF₃ H H I-186 Cinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-187 4-chlorocinnamylH CF₃ H H I-188 4-fluorocinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-189 4-bromocinnamyl H CF₃ HH I-190 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-1914-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-192 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HCF₃ H H I-193 4-methoxycinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-194 4-ethoxycinnamyl H CF₃ HH I-195 4-cyanocinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-196 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allylH CF₃ H H I-197 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H CF₃ H H I-1983-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H CF₃ H H I-1993-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-200 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H CF₃ HH I-201 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H CF₃ H H I-2024-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H CF₃ H H I-2033-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H CF₃ H H I-2043-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CF₃ H H I-2053-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H CF₃ H H I-206 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HCF₃ H H I-207 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H CF₃ H H I-2084-chlorobenzyl H H Cl H I-209 Cinnamyl H H Cl H I-210 4-chlorocinnamyl HH Cl H I-211 4-fluorocinnamyl H H Cl H I-212 4-bromocinnamyl H H Cl HI-213 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H Cl H I-2144-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H Cl H I-215 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HH Cl H I-216 4-methoxycinnamyl H H Cl H I-217 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H Cl HI-218 4-cyanocinnamyl H H Cl H I-219 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H HCl H I-220 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H Cl H I-2213-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H Cl H I-2223-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H Cl H I-223 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H Cl HI-224 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H Cl H I-2254-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H Cl H I-2263-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H Cl H I-2273-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H Cl H I-2283-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H Cl H I-229 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H HCl H I-230 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H Cl H I-231 4-chlorobenzylH H F H I-232 Cinnamyl H H F H I-233 4-chlorocinnamyl H H F H I-2344-fluorocinnamyl H H F H I-235 4-bromocinnamyl H H F H I-2364-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H F H I-237 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H FH I-238 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H F H I-239 4-methoxycinnamyl H HF H I-240 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H F H I-241 4-cyanocinnamyl H H F H I-2423-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H H F H I-2433-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H F H I-2443-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H F H I-2453-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H F H I-246 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H F HI-247 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H F H I-2484-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H F H I-2493-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H F H I-2503-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H F H I-2513-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H F H I-252 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H H FH I-253 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H F H I-254 4-chlorobenzyl H HBr H I-255 Cinnamyl H H Br H I-256 4-chlorocinnamyl H H Br H I-2574-fluorocinnamyl H H Br H I-258 4-bromocinnamyl H H Br H I-2594-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H Br H I-260 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H HBr H I-261 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H Br H I-262 4-methoxycinnamylH H Br H I-263 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H Br H I-264 4-cyanocinnamyl H H Br HI-265 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H H Br H I-2663-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H Br H I-2673-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H Br H I-2683-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H Br H I-269 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H Br HI-270 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H Br H I-2714-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H Br H I-2723-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H Br H I-2733-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H Br H I-2743-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H Br H I-275 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H HBr H I-276 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H Br H I-277 4-chlorobenzylH H OCF₃ H I-278 Cinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-279 4-chlorocinnamyl H H OCF₃ HI-280 4-fluorocinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-281 4-bromocinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-2824-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-283 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl HH OCF₃ H I-284 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-2854-methoxycinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-286 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-2874-cyanocinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-288 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H HOCF₃ H I-289 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H OCF₃ H I-2903-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H OCF₃ H I-2913-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-292 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H HOCF₃ H I-293 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H OCF₃ H I-2944-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H OCF₃ H I-2953-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H OCF₃ H I-2963-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H OCF₃ H I-2973-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H OCF₃ H I-298 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HH OCF₃ H I-299 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H OCF₃ H I-3004-chlorobenzyl H H CH₃ H I-301 Cinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-302 4-chlorocinnamylH H CH₃ H I-303 4-fluorocinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-304 4-bromocinnamyl H H CH₃H I-305 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-3064-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-307 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HH CH₃ H I-308 4-methoxycinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-309 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H CH₃H I-310 4-cyanocinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-311 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allylH H CH₃ H I-312 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H CH₃ H I-3133-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H CH₃ H I-3143-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-315 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H CH₃H I-316 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H CH₃ H I-3174-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H CH₃ H I-3183-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H CH₃ H I-3193-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H CH₃ H I-3203-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H CH₃ H I-321 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H HCH₃ H I-322 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H CH₃ H I-3234-chlorobenzyl H H CF₃ H I-324 Cinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-325 4-chlorocinnamylH H CF₃ H I-326 4-fluorocinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-327 4-bromocinnamyl H H CF₃H I-328 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-3294-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-330 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HH CF₃ H I-331 4-methoxycinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-332 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H CF₃H I-333 4-cyanocinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-334 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allylH H CF₃ H I-335 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H CF₃ H I-3363-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H CF₃ H I-3373-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-338 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H CF₃H I-339 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H CF₃ H I-3404-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H CF₃ H I-3413-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H CF₃ H I-3423-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H CF₃ H I-3433-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H CF₃ H I-344 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H HCF₃ H I-345 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H CF₃ H I-3464-chlorobenzyl F H H H I-347 Cinnamyl F H H H I-348 4-chlorocinnamyl F HH H I-349 4-fluorocinnamyl F H H H I-350 4-bromocinnamyl F H H H I-3514-trifluoromethylcinnamyl F H H H I-352 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl F H HH I-353 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl F H H H I-354 4-methoxycinnamyl F HH H I-355 4-ethoxycinnamyl F H H H I-356 4-cyanocinnamyl F H H H I-3573-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl F H H H I-3583-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl F H H H I-3593-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl F H H H I-3603-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl F H H H I-361 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl F H H HI-362 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl F H H H I-3634-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl F H H H I-3643-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl F H H H I-3653-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F H H H I-3663-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F H H H I-367 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl F H HH I-368 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl F H H H I-369 4-chlorobenzyl ClH H H I-370 Cinnamyl Cl H H H I-371 4-chlorocinnamyl Cl H H H I-3724-fluorocinnamyl Cl H H H I-373 4-bromocinnamyl Cl H H H I-3744-trifluoromethylcinnamyl Cl H H H I-375 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl Cl HH H I-376 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl Cl H H H I-377 4-methoxycinnamylCl H H H I-378 4-ethoxycinnamyl Cl H H H I-379 4-cyanocinnamyl Cl H H HI-380 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl Cl H H H I-3813-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl Cl H H H I-3823-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl Cl H H H I-3833-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl Cl H H H I-384 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl Cl H H HI-385 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl Cl H H H I-3864-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl Cl H H H I-3873-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl Cl H H H I-3883-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl H H H I-3893-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl H H H I-390 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl Cl HH H I-391 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl Cl H H H I-392 4-chlorobenzylBr H H H I-393 Cinnamyl Br H H H I-394 4-chlorocinnamyl Br H H H I-3954-fluorocinnamyl Br H H H I-396 4-bromocinnamyl Br H H H I-3974-trifluoromethylcinnamyl Br H H H I-398 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl Br HH H I-399 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl Br H H H I-400 4-methoxycinnamylBr H H H I-401 4-ethoxycinnamyl Br H H H I-402 4-cyanocinnamyl Br H H HI-403 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl Br H H H I-4043-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl Br H H H I-4053-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl Br H H H I-4063-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl Br H H H I-407 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl Br H H HI-408 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl Br H H H I-4094-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl Br H H H I-4103-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl Br H H H I-4113-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Br H H H I-4123-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Br H H H I-413 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl Br HH H I-414 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl Br H H H I-415 4-chlorobenzylCF₃ H H H I-416 Cinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-417 4-chlorocinnamyl CF₃ H H HI-418 4-fluorocinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-419 4-bromocinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-4204-trifluoromethylcinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-421 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl CF₃H H H I-422 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-4234-methoxycinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-424 4-ethoxycinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-4254-cyanocinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-426 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl CF₃ H HH I-427 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl CF₃ H H H I-4283-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl CF₃ H H H I-4293-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-430 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl CF₃ H HH I-431 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl CF₃ H H H I-4324-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl CF₃ H H H I-4333-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl CF₃ H H H I-4343-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl CF₃ H H H I-4353-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl CF₃ H H H I-436 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl CF₃H H H I-437 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl CF₃ H H H I-4384-chlorobenzyl H H H F I-439 Cinnamyl H H H F I-440 4-chlorocinnamyl H HH F I-441 4-fluorocinnamyl H H H F I-442 4-bromocinnamyl H H H F I-4434-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H H F I-444 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H H HF I-445 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H H F I-446 4-methoxycinnamyl H HH F I-447 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H H F I-448 4-cyanocinnamyl H H H F I-4493-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H H H F I-4503-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H H F I-4513-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H H F I-4523-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H H F I-453 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H H FI-454 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H H F I-4554-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H H F I-4563-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H H F I-4573-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H F I-4583-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H F I-459 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H H HF I-460 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H H F I-461 4-chlorobenzyl H HH Cl I-462 Cinnamyl H H H Cl I-463 4-chlorocinnamyl H H H Cl I-4644-fluorocinnamyl H H H Cl I-465 4-bromocinnamyl H H H Cl I-4664-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H H H Cl I-467 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H HH Cl I-468 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H H H Cl I-469 4-methoxycinnamylH H H Cl I-470 4-ethoxycinnamyl H H H Cl I-471 4-cyanocinnamyl H H H ClI-472 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H H H Cl I-4733-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H H H Cl I-4743-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H H H Cl I-4753-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H H H Cl I-476 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H H H ClI-477 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H H H Cl I-4784-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H H H Cl I-4793-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H H H Cl I-4803-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H Cl I-4813-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H H H Cl I-482 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H HH Cl I-483 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H H H Cl I-484 4-chlorobenzylH F F H I-485 Cinnamyl H F F H I-486 4-chlorocinnamyl H F F H I-4874-fluorocinnamyl H F F H I-488 4-bromocinnamyl H F F H I-4894-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H F F H I-490 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H F FH I-491 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H F F H I-492 4-methoxycinnamyl H FF H I-493 4-ethoxycinnamyl H F F H I-494 4-cyanocinnamyl H F F H I-4953-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H F F H I-4963-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H F F H I-4973-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H F F H I-4983-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H F F H I-499 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H F F HI-500 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H F F H I-5014-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H F F H I-5023-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H F F H I-5033-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F F H I-5043-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F F H I-505 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H F FH I-506 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H F F H I-507 4-chlorobenzyl H FCl H I-508 Cinnamyl H F Cl H I-509 4-chlorocinnamyl H F Cl H I-5104-fluorocinnamyl H F Cl H I-511 4-bromocinnamyl H F Cl H I-5124-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H F Cl H I-513 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H FCl H I-514 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H F Cl H I-515 4-methoxycinnamylH F Cl H I-516 4-ethoxycinnamyl H F Cl H I-517 4-cyanocinnamyl H F Cl HI-518 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H F Cl H I-5193-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H F Cl H I-5203-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H F Cl H I-5213-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H F Cl H I-522 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H F Cl HI-523 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H F Cl H I-5244-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H F Cl H I-5253-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H F Cl H I-5263-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F Cl H I-5273-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F Cl H I-528 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H FCl H I-529 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H F Cl H I-530 4-chlorobenzylH Cl F H I-531 Cinnamyl H Cl F H I-532 4-chlorocinnamyl H Cl F H I-5334-fluorocinnamyl H Cl F H I-534 4-bromocinnamyl H Cl F H I-5354-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H Cl F H I-536 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H ClF H I-537 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H Cl F H I-538 4-methoxycinnamyl HCl F H I-539 4-ethoxycinnamyl H Cl F H I-540 4-cyanocinnamyl H Cl F HI-541 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H Cl F H I-5423-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H Cl F H I-5433-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H Cl F H I-5443-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H Cl F H I-545 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H Cl F HI-546 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H Cl F H I-5474-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H Cl F H I-5483-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H Cl F H I-5493-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl F H I-5503-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl F H I-551 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H ClF H I-552 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H Cl F H I-553 4-chlorobenzylH Cl Cl H I-554 Cinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-555 4-chlorocinnamyl H Cl Cl HI-556 4-fluorocinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-557 4-bromocinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-5584-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-559 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl HCl Cl H I-560 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-5614-methoxycinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-562 4-ethoxycinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-5634-cyanocinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-564 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H Cl ClH I-565 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H Cl Cl H I-5663-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H Cl Cl H I-5673-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-568 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H Cl ClH I-569 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H Cl Cl H I-5704-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H Cl Cl H I-5713-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H Cl Cl H I-5723-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl Cl H I-5733-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl Cl H I-574 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HCl Cl H I-575 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H Cl Cl H I-5764-chlorobenzyl H —OCF₂O— H I-577 Cinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5784-chlorocinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-579 4-fluorocinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5804-bromocinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-581 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H —OCF₂O— HI-582 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5834-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-584 4-methoxycinnamyl H—OCF₂O— H I-585 4-ethoxycinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-586 4-cyanocinnamyl H—OCF₂O— H I-587 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5883-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5893-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5903-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-591 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H—OCF₂O— H I-592 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5934-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5943-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5953-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5963-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-597 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H—OCF₂O— H I-598 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H —OCF₂O— H I-5994-chlorobenzyl H —C₄H₄— H I-600 Cinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6014-chlorocinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-602 4-fluorocinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6034-bromocinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-604 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H —C₄H₄— HI-605 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6064-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-607 4-methoxycinnamyl H —C₄H₄—H I-608 4-ethoxycinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-609 4-cyanocinnamyl H —C₄H₄— HI-610 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6113-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6123-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6133-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-614 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H—C₄H₄— H I-615 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6164-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6173-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6183-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6193-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-620 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H—C₄H₄— H I-621 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H —C₄H₄— H I-6224-chlorobenzyl Cl H Cl H I-623 Cinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-624 4-chlorocinnamylCl H Cl H I-625 4-fluorocinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-626 4-bromocinnamyl Cl H ClH I-627 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-6284-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-629 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamylCl H Cl H I-630 4-methoxycinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-631 4-ethoxycinnamyl Cl HCl H I-632 4-cyanocinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-6333-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl Cl H Cl H I-6343-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl Cl H Cl H I-6353-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl Cl H Cl H I-6363-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-637 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl Cl H ClH I-638 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl Cl H Cl H I-6394-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl Cl H Cl H I-6403-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl Cl H Cl H I-6413-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl H Cl H I-6423-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl H Cl H I-643 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl ClH Cl H I-644 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl Cl H Cl H I-6454-chlorobenzyl Cl Cl H H I-646 Cinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-647 4-chlorocinnamylCl Cl H H I-648 4-fluorocinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-649 4-bromocinnamyl Cl Cl HH I-650 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-6514-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-652 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamylCl Cl H H I-653 4-methoxycinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-654 4-ethoxycinnamyl Cl ClH H I-655 4-cyanocinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-6563-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl Cl Cl H H I-6573-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl Cl Cl H H I-6583-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl Cl Cl H H I-6593-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-660 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl Cl Cl HH I-661 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl Cl Cl H H I-6624-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl Cl Cl H H I-6633-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl Cl Cl H H I-6643-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl Cl H H I-6653-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl Cl H H I-666 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl ClCl H H I-667 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl Cl Cl H H I-6684-chlorobenzyl H Cl H Cl I-669 Cinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-670 4-chlorocinnamylH Cl H Cl I-671 4-fluorocinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-672 4-bromocinnamyl H Cl HCl I-673 4-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-6744-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-675 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl HCl H Cl I-676 4-methoxycinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-677 4-ethoxycinnamyl H Cl HCl I-678 4-cyanocinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-679 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allylH Cl H Cl I-680 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H Cl H Cl I-6813-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H Cl H Cl I-6823-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-683 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H Cl HCl I-684 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H Cl H Cl I-6854-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H Cl H Cl I-6863-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H Cl H Cl I-6873-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl H Cl I-6883-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H Cl H Cl I-689 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl HCl H Cl I-690 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H Cl H Cl I-6914-chlorobenzyl H F H F I-692 Cinnamyl H F H F I-693 4-chlorocinnamyl H FH F I-694 4-fluorocinnamyl H F H F I-695 4-bromocinnamyl H F H F I-6964-trifluoromethylcinnamyl H F H F I-697 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl H F HF I-698 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl H F H F I-699 4-methoxycinnamyl H FH F I-700 4-ethoxycinnamyl H F H F I-701 4-cyanocinnamyl H F H F I-7023-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl H F H F I-7033-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl H F H F I-7043-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl H F H F I-7053-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl H F H F I-706 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl H F H FI-707 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl H F H F I-7084-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl H F H F I-7093-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl H F H F I-7103-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F H F I-7113-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl H F H F I-712 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl H F HF I-713 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl H F H F I-714 4-chlorobenzyl F HF H I-715 Cinnamyl F H F H I-716 4-chlorocinnamyl F H F H I-7174-fluorocinnamyl F H F H I-718 4-bromocinnamyl F H F H I-7194-trifluoromethylcinnamyl F H F H I-720 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl F H FH I-721 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl F H F H I-722 4-methoxycinnamyl F HF H I-723 4-ethoxycinnamyl F H F H I-724 4-cyanocinnamyl F H F H I-7253-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl F H F H I-7263-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl F H F H I-7273-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl F H F H I-7283-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl F H F H I-729 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl F H F HI-730 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl F H F H I-7314-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl F H F H I-7323-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl F H F H I-7333-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F H F H I-7343-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F H F H I-735 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl F H FH I-736 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl F H F H I-737 4-chlorobenzyl F FH H I-738 Cinnamyl F F H H I-739 4-chlorocinnamyl F F H H I-7404-fluorocinnamyl F F H H I-741 4-bromocinnamyl F F H H I-7424-trifluoromethylcinnamyl F F H H I-743 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl F F HH I-744 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl F F H H I-745 4-methoxycinnamyl F FH H I-746 4-ethoxycinnamyl F F H H I-747 4-cyanocinnamyl F F H H I-7483-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl F F H H I-7493-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl F F H H I-7503-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl F F H H I-7513-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl F F H H I-752 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl F F H HI-753 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl F F H H I-7544-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl F F H H I-7553-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl F F H H I-7563-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F F H H I-7573-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl F F H H I-758 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl F F HH I-759 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl F F H H I-760 4-chlorobenzyl ClF H H I-761 Cinnamyl Cl F H H I-762 4-chlorocinnamyl Cl F H H I-7634-fluorocinnamyl Cl F H H I-764 4-bromocinnamyl Cl F H H I-7654-trifluoromethylcinnamyl Cl F H H I-766 4-trifluoromethoxycinnamyl Cl FH H I-767 4-pentafluoroethoxycinnamyl Cl F H H I-768 4-methoxycinnamylCl F H H I-769 4-ethoxycinnamyl Cl F H H I-770 4-cyanocinnamyl Cl F H HI-771 3-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-allyl Cl F H H I-7723-(4-chlorophenyl)-but-2-enyl Cl F H H I-7733-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-fluoro-allyl Cl F H H I-7743-chloro-4-fluoro-cinnamyl Cl F H H I-775 3,5-dichloro-cinnamyl Cl F H HI-776 5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dienyl Cl F H H I-7774-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-cinnamyl Cl F H H I-7783-naphthalen-2-yl-allyl Cl F H H I-7793-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl F H H I-7803-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-allyl Cl F H H I-781 3-pyridin-4-yl-allyl Cl FH H I-782 3-(2-Chloro-pyridin-4-yl)-allyl Cl F H H

Table II provides 782 compounds of formula Ib

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table III provides 782 compounds of formula Ic

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table IV provides 782 compounds of formula Id

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table V provides 782 compounds of formula Ie

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table VI provides 782 compounds of formula If

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table VII provides 782 compounds of formula Ig

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table VIII provides 782 compounds of formula Ih

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table IX provides 782 compounds of formula Ii

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table X provides 782 compounds of formula Ij

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XI provides 782 compounds of formula Ik

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XII provides 782 compounds of formula Il

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XIII provides 782 compounds of formula Im

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XIV provides 782 compounds of formula In

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XV provides 782 compounds of formula Io

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XVI provides 782 compounds of formula Ip

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XVII provides 782 compounds of formula Iq

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XVIII provides 782 compounds of formula Ir

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XX provides 782 compounds of formula It

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXI provides 782 compounds of formula Iu

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXII provides 782 compounds of formula Iv

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXIII provides 782 compounds of formula Iw

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXIV provides 782 compounds of formula Ix

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXV provides 782 compounds of formula Iy

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXVI provides 782 compounds of formula Iz

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXVII provides 782 compounds of formula Iaa

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXVIII provides 782 compounds of formula Iab

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXIX provides 782 compounds of formula Iac

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXX provides 782 compounds of formula Iad

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXI provides 782 compounds of formula Iae

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXII provides 782 compounds of formula Iaf

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXIV provides 782 compounds of formula Iah

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXV provides 782 compounds of formula Iai

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXVI provides 782 compounds of formula Iaj

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXVII provides 782 compounds of formula Iak

herein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXVIII provides 782 compounds of formula Ial

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XXXIX provides 782 compounds of formula Iam

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XL provides 782 compounds of formula Ian

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XLI provides 782 compounds of formula Iao

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XLII provides 782 compounds of formula Iap

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1

Table XLIII provides 782 compounds of formula Iaq

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLIV provides 782 compounds of formula Iar

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLV provides 782 compounds of formula Ias

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLVI provides 782 compounds of formula Iat

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLVII provides 782 compounds of formula Iau

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLVIII provides 782 compounds of formula Iay

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table XLIX provides 782 compounds of formula Iaw

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table L provides 782 compounds of formula Iax

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LI provides 782 compounds of formula Iay

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LII provides 782 compounds of formula Iaz

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LIII provides 782 compounds of formula Iba

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LIV provides 782 compounds of formula Ibb

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LV provides 782 compounds of formula Ibc

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LVI provides 782 compounds of formula Ibd

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LVIII provides 782 compounds of formula Ibf

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LIX provides 782 compounds of formula Ibg

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LX provides 782 compounds of formula Ibh

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXI provides 782 compounds of formula Ibi

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXIII provides 782 compounds of formula Ibk

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXIV provides 782 compounds of formula Ibl

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXV provides 782 compounds of formula Ibm

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXVI provides 782 compounds of formula Ibn

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXVII provides 782 compounds of formula Ibo

wherein the values of R⁸, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(4c) and R^(4d) are given inTable 1.

Table LXVIII provides 15 compounds of formula Ica

wherein the values of R^(4b), R^(4c) and R⁸ are given in Table 2together with LCMS/MS data obtained as for the data in Table 5 below.

TABLE 2 LCMS (Ret. MS Compound R^(4b) R^(4c) R⁸ M.p. Time, min) dataLXVIII.1 H H H 175-180 1′35 355 LXVIII.2 H H t-butoxycarbonyl 90-95 3′38455 LXVIII.3 H H 4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl 2′06 529 LXVIII.4 H H4-trifluoromethylbenzyl 2′01 513 LXVIII.5 H H 4- 1′91 546isopropyloxycarbonylamino- benzyl LXVIII.6 H H4-(2-Ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)- 1′88 541 benzyl LXVIII.7 H H 4-cyanobenzyl1′71 470 LXVIII.8 H H 4-fluorobenzyl 1′74 463 LXVIII.9 H H benzyl 1′67445 LXVIII.10 H H 2,6-difluorobenzyl 1′70 481 LXVIII.11 H H3-chlorobenzyl 1′88 479 LXVIII.12 H H 1-phenyl-ethyl 1′74 459 LXVIII.13H H methyl 1′32 369 LXVIII.14 Cl H t-butoxycarbonyl 165 3′68 433, 473LXVIII.15 H Cl t-butoxycarbonyl 165 3′65 433, 473

Table LXIX provides 23 compounds of formula Icb

wherein the values of Y and R¹ are given in Table 3 together withLCMS/MS data obtained as for the data in Table 5 below.

TABLE 3 LCMS (Ret. Time, LCMS Compound Y R¹ M.p. min) (M + H) LXIX.1bond H 140-142 1′70 366 LXIX.2 C═O phenyl 2′00 470 LXIX.3 C═O 2-furyl1′91 460 LXIX.4 C═O 3-pyridyl 1′82 471 LXIX.5 C═O4-trifluoromethoxyphenylamino 225 2′65 569 LXIX.6 C═O2,4-dichlorophenylamino 215-220 2′81 554 LXIX.7 C═O 4-methoxyphenylamino270 2′38 515 LXIX.8 C═O 3-methoxyphenylamino 230 2′45 515 LXIX.9 C═O2-chlorophenylamino 2′62 519 LXIX.10 C═O 3-chlorophenylamino 2′58 519LXIX.11 C═O 4-chlorophenylamino 235 2′59 519 LXIX.12 C═O3-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino 230 2′67 553 LXIX.13 C═O4-trifluoromethylphenyl 200 2′37 538 LXIX.14 C═O 4-chlorophenyl 200 2′28504 LXIX.15 C═O phenylamino 230 2′35 485 LXIX.16 C═O 2-chlorophenyl 1802′19 504 LXIX.17 C═O 2-hydroxyphenyl 230 2′10 486 LXIX.18 C═O4-nitrophenyl 190 2′16 515 LXIX.19 C═O 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1902′60 506 LXIX.20 C═O 2-chloro-6-methoxy-pyrid-4-yl 210 2′31 535 LXIX.21C═O 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrid-4-yl 209 2′15 519 LXIX.22 C═O2-amino-pyrid-3-yl 225 1′61 486 LXIX.23 C═O4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino 2′62 553Table LXX provides 3 compounds of formula Icc together with LCMS/MS dataobtained as for the data in Table 5 below.

wherein the values of R¹ given in Table 4

TABLE 4 LCMS (Ret. Time, Compound R¹ M.p. min) MS data LXX.1 H 203 1′76367/369

Mass spectra data were obtained for selected compounds of Tables I toLXVII using LCMS: LC5: 254 nm-gradient 10% A to 100% B A=H2O+0.01% HCOOHB═CH3CN/CH3OH+0.01% HCOOH positive electrospray 150-1000 m/z.

The data are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 LCMS MS Compound M.p. (Ret. Time, min) data I.3 1′81 408 II.31′79 471 III.1 198-200 1′88 479 III.3 240 2′07 505 III.6 235 2′13 539III.7 113 2′30 555 III.26 205 2′18 523 III.29 230 2′27 557 III.30 2052′28 573 III.49 212 2′28 540 III.52 2′36 573 III.53 2′43 589 III.210 2102′28 540 III.213 2′36 573 III.214 2′48 589 III.233 180 2′18 523 III.236210 2′22 557 III.237 2′26 573 V.3 185 2′33 540 XII.3 1′84 424

The compounds of the invention may be made in a variety of ways. Thusfor example they may be made by the reactions summarised in Scheme I.

Thus a compound of formula 1 may be synthesised from compounds offormula 2a by reaction with a compound of formula R₁YXNH2 where X is Oor NH at a temperature of between ambient temperature and 120° C., in anorganic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1,4-dioxan,benzene or toluene in the presence of an acid such as sulphuric acid ora base such as sodium hydroxide or sodium acetate.

A compound of formula 1 may also be synthesised from compounds offormula 3a by reaction with an alkylating agent of the formula R8-L,where L is chloride, bromide, iodide or a sulfonate (e.g. mesylate ortosylate) or similar leaving group at a temperature of between ambienttemperature and 100° C., typically ambient temperature, in an organicsolvent such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane,chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of a tertiary aminebase such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine and optionallycatalysed by halide salts such as sodium iodide, potassium iodide ortetrabutylammonium iodide.

Alternatively, a compound of formula 3a may be reacted with an aldehydeof the formula RCHO at a temperature between ambient temperature and100° C. in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or ethanol ormixtures of solvents in the presence of a reducing agent such asborane-pyridine complex, sodium borohydride, sodium(triacetoxy)borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or such like, toproduce a compound of formula 1 where R8 is CH₂—R.

Similarly, a compound of formula 2a may be obtained from a compound offormula 2b by the methods described above for 3a.

A compound of formula 2b (or 3a) may be formed by reaction of a compoundof formula 4 (or 3b) with an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid atambient temperature in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane,chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane followed by neutralisation with a basesuch as sodium bicarbonate.

A compound of formula 3b may be formed by reaction of a compound offormula 4 with a compound of formula R₁YXNH2 where X is O or NH at atemperature of between ambient temperature and 120° C., in an organicsolvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1,4-dioxan, benzene ortoluene in the presence of an acid such as sulphuric acid or a base suchas sodium hydroxide or sodium acetate.

Compounds of formula 4 may be obtained from compounds of formula 5 bythe methods described by Tata et al. in Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1997,663-668.

Compounds of formula 5 may be obtained from indenes of formula 6 by themethods described by Chambers et al. in J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35,2033-2039.

Certain compounds of formula 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 are novel and assuch form a further aspect of the invention.

Indenes of formula 6 are either known compounds or may be prepared byknown methods by a person skilled in the art. An example of thosemethods is given in Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1973, 11, 3092.

Compounds of formula I where R² and R³ are other than hydrogen may bemade by routes described in WO03/106457. Thus for example a compound offormula 4 may be converted to compound of formula 4′

by reaction with an electrophile in the presence of a base and thus tocompounds of formula I by the methods outlined above for convertingcompounds of formula 4 to formula I.

The skilled person will readily recognise that it is possible tointerconvert one compound of formula Ito other compounds of formula Iand examples of such procedures are given in scheme II.

The compounds of formula (I) can be used to combat and controlinfestations of insect pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera,Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Coleoptera, Siphonaptera,Hymenoptera and Isoptera and also other invertebrate pests, for example,acarine, nematode and mollusc pests. Insects, acarines, nematodes andmolluscs are hereinafter collectively referred to as pests. The pestswhich may be combated and controlled by the use of the inventioncompounds include those pests associated with agriculture (which termincludes the growing of crops for food and fibre products), horticultureand animal husbandry, companion animals, forestry and the storage ofproducts of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); thosepests associated with the damage of man-made structures and thetransmission of diseases of man and animals; and also nuisance pests(such as flies).

Examples of pest species which may be controlled by the compounds offormula (I) include: Myzus persicae (aphid), Aphis gossypii (aphid),Aphis fabae (aphid), Lygus spp. (capsids), Dysdercus spp. (capsids),Nilaparvata lugens (planthopper), Nephotettixc incticeps (leafhopper),Nezara spp. (stinkbugs), Euschistus spp. (stinkbugs), Leptocorisa spp.(stinkbugs), Frankliniella occidentalis (thrip), Thrips spp. (thrips),Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Anthonomus grandis(boll weevil), Aonidiella spp. (scale insects), Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies), Bemisia tabaci (white fly), Ostrinia nubilalis (European cornborer), Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm), Heliothis virescens(tobacco budworm), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpazea (cotton bollworm), Sylepta derogata (cotton leaf roller), Pierisbrassicae (white butterfly), Plutella xylostella (diamond back moth),Agrotis spp. (cutworms), Chilo suppressalis (rice stem borer), Locustamigratoria (locust), Chortiocetes terminifera (locust), Diabrotica spp.(rootworms), Panonychus ulmi (European red mite), Panonychus citri(citrus red mite), Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite),Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite), Phyllocoptruta oleivora(citrus rust mite), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite), Brevipalpusspp. (flat mites), Boophilus microplus (cattle tick), Dermacentorvariabilis (American dog tick), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea),Liriomyza spp. (leafminer), Musca domestica (housefly), Aedes aegypti(mosquito), Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes), Culex spp. (mosquitoes),Lucillia spp. (blowflies), Blattella germanica (cockroach), Periplanetaamericana (cockroach), Blatta orientalis (cockroach), termites of theMastotermitidae (for example Mastotermes spp.), the Kalotermitidae (forexample Neotermes spp.), the Rhinotermitidae (for example Coptotermesformosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R. speratu, R. virginicus, R.hesperus, and R. santonensis) and the Termitidae (for exampleGlobitermes sulphureus), Solenopsis geminata (fire ant), Monomoriumpharaonis (pharaoh's ant), Damalinia spp. and Linognathus spp. (bitingand sucking lice), Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematodes), Globoderaspp. and Heterodera spp. (cyst nematodes), Pratylenchus spp. (lesionnematodes), Rhodopholus spp. (banana burrowing nematodes), Tylenchulusspp.(citrus nematodes), Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm),Caenorhabditis elegans_(vinegar eelworm), Trichostrongylus spp. (gastrointestinal nematodes) and Deroceras reticulatum (slug).

The invention therefore provides a method of combating and controllinginsects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying aninsecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effectiveamount of a compound of formula (I), or a composition containing acompound of formula (I), to a pest, a locus of pest, or to a plantsusceptible to attack by a pest, The compounds of formula (I) arepreferably used against insects, acarines or nematodes.

The term “plant” as used herein includes seedlings, bushes and trees.

In order to apply a compound of formula (I) as an insecticide,acaricide, nematicide or molluscicide to a pest, a locus of pest, or toa plant susceptible to attack by a pest, a compound of formula (I) isusually formulated into a composition which includes, in addition to thecompound of formula (I), a suitable inert diluent or carrier and,optionally, a surface active agent (SFA). SFAs are chemicals which areable to modify the properties of an interface (for example,liquid/solid, liquid/air or liquid/liquid interfaces) by lowering theinterfacial tension and thereby leading to changes in other properties(for example dispersion, emulsification and wetting). It is preferredthat all compositions (both solid and liquid formulations) comprise, byweight, 0.0001 to 95%, more preferably 1 to 85%, for example 5 to 60%,of a compound of formula (I). The composition is generally used for thecontrol of pests such that a compound of formula (I) is applied at arate of from 0.1 g to 10 kg per hectare, preferably from 1 g to 6 kg perhectare, more preferably from 1 g to 1 kg per hectare.

When used in a seed dressing, a compound of formula (I) is used at arate of 0.0001 g to 10 g (for example 0.001 g or 0.05 g), preferably0.005 g to 10 g, more preferably 0.005 g to 4 g, per kilogram of seed.

In another aspect the present invention provides an insecticidal,acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal composition comprising aninsecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effectiveamount of a compound of formula (I) and a suitable carrier or diluenttherefor. The composition is preferably an insecticidal, acaricidal,nematicidal or molluscicidal composition.

In a still further aspect the invention provides a method of combatingand controlling pests at a locus which comprises treating the pests orthe locus of the pests with an insecticidally, acaricidally,nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compositioncomprising a compound of formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) arepreferably used against insects, acarines or nematodes.

The compositions can be chosen from a number of formulation types,including dustable powders (DP), soluble powders (SP), water solublegranules (SG), water dispersible granules (WG), wettable powders (WP),granules (GR) (slow or fast release), soluble concentrates (SL), oilmiscible liquids (OL), ultra low volume liquids (UL), emulsifiableconcentrates (EC), dispersible concentrates (DC), emulsions (both oil inwater (EW) and water in oil (EO)), micro-emulsions (ME), suspensionconcentrates (SC), aerosols, fogging/smoke formulations, capsulesuspensions (CS) and seed treatment formulations. The formulation typechosen in any instance will depend upon the particular purpose envisagedand the physical, chemical and biological properties of the compound offormula (I).

Dustable powders (DP) may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula(I) with one or more solid diluents (for example natural clays, kaolin,pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk,diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesiumcarbonates, sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inorganicsolid carriers) and mechanically grinding the mixture to a fine powder.

Soluble powders (SP) may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula (I)with one or more water-soluble inorganic salts (such as sodiumbicarbonate, sodium carbonate or magnesium sulphate) or one or morewater-soluble organic solids (such as a polysaccharide) and, optionally,one or more wetting agents, one or more dispersing agents or a mixtureof said agents to improve water dispersibility/solubility. The mixtureis then ground to a fine powder. Similar compositions may also begranulated to form water soluble granules (SG).

Wettable powders (WP) may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula(I) with one or more solid diluents or carriers, one or more wettingagents and, preferably, one or more dispersing agents and, optionally,one or more suspending agents to facilitate the dispersion in liquids.The mixture is then ground to a fine powder. Similar compositions mayalso be granulated to form water dispersible granules (WG).

Granules (GR) may be formed either by granulating a mixture of acompound of formula (I) and one or more powdered solid diluents orcarriers, or from pre-formed blank granules by absorbing a compound offormula (I) (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) in a porousgranular material (such as pumice, attapulgite clays, fuller's earth,kieselguhr, diatomaceous earths or ground corn cobs) or by adsorbing acompound of formula (I) (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) onto a hard core material (such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates,sulphates or phosphates) and drying if necessary. Agents which arecommonly used to aid absorption or adsorption include solvents (such asaliphatic and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones andesters) and sticking agents (such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylalcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils). One or more otheradditives may also be included in granules (for example an emulsifyingagent, wetting agent or dispersing agent).

Dispersible Concentrates (DC) may be prepared by dissolving a compoundof formula (I) in water or an organic solvent, such as a ketone, alcoholor glycol ether. These solutions may contain a surface active agent (forexample to improve water dilution or prevent crystallisation in a spraytank).

Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) or oil-in-water emulsions (EW) may beprepared by dissolving a compound of formula (I) in an organic solvent(optionally containing one or more wetting agents, one or moreemulsifying agents or a mixture of said agents). Suitable organicsolvents for use in ECs include aromatic hydrocarbons (such asalkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes, exemplified by SOLVESSO 100,SOLVESSO 150 and SOLVESSO 200; SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade Mark),ketones (such as cyclohexanone or methylcyclohexanone) and alcohols(such as benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol or butanol),N-alkylpyrrolidones (such as N-methylpyrrolidone or N-octylpyrrolidone),dimethyl amides of fatty acids (such as C₈-C₁₀ fatty acid dimethylamide)and chlorinated hydrocarbons. An EC product may spontaneously emulsifyon addition to water, to produce an emulsion with sufficient stabilityto allow spray application through appropriate equipment. Preparation ofan EW involves obtaining a compound of formula (I) either as a liquid(if it is not a liquid at room temperature, it may be melted at areasonable temperature, typically below 70° C.) or in solution (bydissolving it in an appropriate solvent) and then emulsifiying theresultant liquid or solution into water containing one or more SFAs,under high shear, to produce an emulsion. Suitable solvents for use inEWs include vegetable oils, chlorinated hydrocarbons (such aschlorobenzenes), aromatic solvents (such as alkylbenzenes oralkylnaphthalenes) and other appropriate organic solvents which have alow solubility in water.

Microemulsions (ME) may be prepared by mixing water with a blend of oneor more solvents with one or more SFAs, to produce spontaneously athermodynamically stable isotropic liquid formulation. A compound offormula (I) is present initially in either the water or the solvent/SFAblend. Suitable solvents for use in MEs include those hereinbeforedescribed for use in in ECs or in EWs. An ME may be either anoil-in-water or a water-in-oil system (which system is present may bedetermined by conductivity measurements) and may be suitable for mixingwater-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides in the same formulation. An MEis suitable for dilution into water, either remaining as a microemulsionor forming a conventional oil-in-water emulsion.

Suspension concentrates (SC) may comprise aqueous or non-aqueoussuspensions of finely divided insoluble solid particles of a compound offormula (I). SCs may be prepared by ball or bead milling the solidcompound of formula (I) in a suitable medium, optionally with one ormore dispersing agents, to produce a fine particle suspension of thecompound. One or more wetting agents may be included in the compositionand a suspending agent may be included to reduce the rate at which theparticles settle. Alternatively, a compound of formula (I) may be drymilled and added to water, containing agents hereinbefore described, toproduce the desired end product.

Aerosol formulations comprise a compound of formula (I) and a suitablepropellant (for example n-butane). A compound of formula (I) may also bedissolved or dispersed in a suitable medium (for example water or awater miscible liquid, such as n-propanol) to provide compositions foruse in non-pressurised, hand-actuated spray pumps.

A compound of formula (I) may be mixed in the dry state with apyrotechnic mixture to form a composition suitable for generating, in anenclosed space, a smoke containing the compound.

Capsule suspensions (CS) may be prepared in a manner similar to thepreparation of EW formulations but with an additional polymerisationstage such that an aqueous dispersion of oil droplets is obtained, inwhich each oil droplet is encapsulated by a polymeric shell and containsa compound of formula (I) and, optionally, a carrier or diluenttherefor. The polymeric shell may be produced by either an interfacialpolycondensation reaction or by a coacervation procedure. Thecompositions may provide for controlled release of the compound offormula (I) and they may be used for seed treatment. A compound offormula (I) may also be formulated in a biodegradable polymeric matrixto provide a slow, controlled release of the compound.

A composition may include one or more additives to improve thebiological performance of the composition (for example by improvingwetting, retention or distribution on surfaces; resistance to rain ontreated surfaces; or uptake or mobility of a compound of formula (I)).Such additives include surface active agents, spray additives based onoils, for example certain mineral oils or natural plant oils (such assoy bean and rape seed oil), and blends of these with otherbio-enhancing adjuvants (ingredients which may aid or modify the actionof a compound of formula (I)).

A compound of formula (I) may also be formulated for use as a seedtreatment, for example as a powder composition, including a powder fordry seed treatment (DS), a water soluble powder (SS) or a waterdispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), or as a liquidcomposition, including a flowable concentrate (FS), a solution (LS) or acapsule suspension (CS). The preparations of DS, SS, WS, FS and LScompositions are very similar to those of, respectively, DP, SP, WP, SCand DC compositions described above. Compositions for treating seed mayinclude an agent for assisting the adhesion of the composition to theseed (for example a mineral oil or a film-forming barrier).

Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents may be surfaceSFAs of the cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic type.

Suitable SFAs of the cationic type include quaternary ammonium compounds(for example cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide), imidazolines and aminesalts.

Suitable anionic SFAs include alkali metals salts of fatty acids, saltsof aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid (for example sodium laurylsulphate), salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds (for example sodiumdodecylbenzenesulphonate, calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate,butylnaphthalene sulphonate and mixtures of sodium di-isopropyl- andtri-isopropyl-naphthalene sulphonates), ether sulphates, alcohol ethersulphates (for example sodium laureth-3-sulphate), ether carboxylates(for example sodium laureth-3-carboxylate), phosphate esters (productsfrom the reaction between one or more fatty alcohols and phosphoric acid(predominately mono-esters) or phosphorus pentoxide (predominatelydi-esters), for example the reaction between lauryl alcohol andtetraphosphoric acid; additionally these products may be ethoxylated),sulphosuccinamates, paraffin or olefine sulphonates, taurates andlignosulphonates.

Suitable SFAs of the amphoteric type include betaines, propionates andglycinates.

Suitable SFAs of the non-ionic type include condensation products ofalkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxideor mixtures thereof, with fatty alcohols (such as oleyl alcohol or cetylalcohol) or with alkylphenols (such as octylphenol, nonylphenol oroctylcresol); partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids orhexitol anhydrides; condensation products of said partial esters withethylene oxide; block polymers (comprising ethylene oxide and propyleneoxide); alkanolamides; simple esters (for example fatty acidpolyethylene glycol esters); amine oxides (for example lauryl dimethylamine oxide); and lecithins.

Suitable suspending agents include hydrophilic colloids (such aspolysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethylcellulose)and swelling clays (such as bentonite or attapulgite).

A compound of formula (I) may be applied by any of the known means ofapplying pesticidal compounds. For example, it may be applied,formulated or unformulated, to the pests or to a locus of the pests(such as a habitat of the pests, or a growing plant liable toinfestation by the pests) or to any part of the plant, including thefoliage, stems, branches or roots, to the seed before it is planted orto other media in which plants are growing or are to be planted (such assoil surrounding the roots, the soil generally, paddy water orhydroponic culture systems), directly or it may be sprayed on, dustedon, applied by dipping, applied as a cream or paste formulation, appliedas a vapour or applied through distribution or incorporation of acomposition (such as a granular composition or a composition packed in awater-soluble bag) in soil or an aqueous environment.

A compound of formula (I) may also be injected into plants or sprayedonto vegetation using electrodynamic spraying techniques or other lowvolume methods, or applied by land or aerial irrigation systems.

Compositions for use as aqueous preparations (aqueous solutions ordispersions) are generally supplied in the form of a concentratecontaining a high proportion of the active ingredient, the concentratebeing added to water before use. These concentrates, which may includeDCs, SCs, ECs, EWs, MEs SGs, SPs, WPs, WGs and CSs, are often requiredto withstand storage for prolonged periods and, after such storage, tobe capable of addition to water to form aqueous preparations whichremain homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied byconventional spray equipment. Such aqueous preparations may containvarying amounts of a compound of formula (I) (for example 0.0001 to 10%,by weight) depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used.

A compound of formula (I) may be used in mixtures with fertilisers (forexample nitrogen-, potassium- or phosphorus-containing fertilisers).Suitable formulation types include granules of fertiliser. The mixturessuitably contain up to 25% by weight of the compound of formula (I).

The invention therefore also provides a fertiliser compositioncomprising a fertiliser and a compound of formula (I).

The compositions of this invention may contain other compounds havingbiological activity, for example micronutrients or compounds havingfungicidal activity or which possess plant growth regulating,herbicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal or acaricidal activity.

The compound of formula (I) may be the sole active ingredient of thecomposition or it may be admixed with one or more additional activeingredients such as a pesticide, fungicide, synergist, herbicide orplant growth regulator where appropriate. An additional activeingredient may: provide a composition having a broader spectrum ofactivity or increased persistence at a locus; synergise the activity orcomplement the activity (for example by increasing the speed of effector overcoming repellency) of the compound of formula (I); or help toovercome or prevent the development of resistance to individualcomponents. The particular additional active ingredient will depend uponthe intended utility of the composition. Examples of suitable pesticidesinclude the following:

a) Pyrethroids, such as permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate,esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin (in particularlambda-cyhalothrin), bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin, tefluthrin,fish safe pyrethroids (for example ethofenprox), natural pyrethrin,tetramethrin, s-bioallethrin, fenfluthrin, prallethrin or5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-(E)-(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate;b) Organophosphates, such as, profenofos, sulprofos, acephate, methylparathion, azinphos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, heptenophos, thiometon,fenamiphos, monocrotophos, profenofos, triazophos, methamidophos,dimethoate, phosphamidon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, phosalone, terbufos,fensulfothion, fonofos, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl,pirimiphos-ethyl, fenitrothion, fosthiazate or diazinon;c) Carbamates (including aryl carbamates), such as pirimicarb,triazamate, cloethocarb, carbofuran, furathiocarb, ethiofencarb,aldicarb, thiofurox, carbosulfan, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, propoxur,methomyl or oxamyl;d) Benzoyl ureas, such as diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron,flufenoxuron or chlorfluazuron;e) Organic tin compounds, such as cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide orazocyclotin;f) Pyrazoles, such as tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate;g) Macrolides, such as avermectins or milbemycins, for exampleabamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin, spinosad orazadirachtin;h) Hormones or pheromones;i) Organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan, benzene hexachloride,DDT, chlordane or dieldrin;j) Amidines, such as chlordimeform or amitraz;k) Fumigant agents, such as chloropicrin, dichloropropane, methylbromide or metam;l) Chloronicotinyl compounds such as imidacloprid, thiacloprid,acetamiprid, nitenpyram or thiamethoxam;m) Diacylhydrazines, such as tebufenozide, chromafenozide ormethoxyfenozide;n) Diphenyl ethers, such as diofenolan or pyriproxifen;

o) Indoxacarb; p) Chlorfenapyr; or q) Pymetrozine.

In addition to the major chemical classes of pesticide listed above,other pesticides having particular targets may be employed in thecomposition, if appropriate for the intended utility of the composition.For instance, selective insecticides for particular crops, for examplestemborer specific insecticides (such as cartap) or hopper specificinsecticides (such as buprofezin) for use in rice may be employed.Alternatively insecticides or acaricides specific for particular insectspecies/stages may also be included in the compositions (for exampleacaricidal ovo-larvicides, such as clofentezine, flubenzimine,hexythiazox or tetradifon; acaricidal motilicides, such as dicofol orpropargite; acaricides, such as bromopropylate or chlorobenzilate; orgrowth regulators, such as hydramethylnon, cyromazine, methoprene,chlorfluazuron or diflubenzuron).

Examples of fungicidal compounds which may be included in thecomposition of the invention are(E)-N-methyl-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxy-iminoacetamide(SSF-129),4-bromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-6-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole-1-sulphonamide,α-[N-(3-chloro-2,6-xylyl)-2-methoxyacetamido]-γ-butyrolactone,4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide (IKF-916,cyamidazosulfamid),3-5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methylbenzamide(RH-7281, zoxamide),N-allyl-4,5,-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilylthiophene-3-carboxamide(MON65500),N-(1-cyano-1,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionamide(AC382042), N-(2-methoxy-5-pyridyl)-cyclopropane carboxamide,acibenzolar (CGA245704), alanycarb, aldimorph, anilazine, azaconazole,azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl, biloxazol, bitertanol, blasticidin S,bromuconazole, bupirimate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carbendazimchlorhydrate, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, CGA41396, CGA41397,chinomethionate, chlorothalonil, chlorozolinate, clozylacon, coppercontaining compounds such as copper oxychloride, copper oxyquinolate,copper sulphate, copper tallate and Bordeaux mixture, cymoxanil,cyproconazole, cyprodinil, debacarb, di-2-pyridyl disulphide1,1′-dioxide, dichlofluanid, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb,difenoconazole, difenzoquat, diflumetorim, O,O-di-iso-propyl-5-benzylthiophosphate, dimefluazole, dimetconazole, dimethomorph, dimethirimol,diniconazole, dinocap, dithianon, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,dodemorph, dodine, doguadine, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, ethirimol,ethyl(Z)—N-benzyl-N([methyl(methyl-thioethylideneaminooxycarbonyl)amino]thio)-β-alaninate,etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone (RPA407213), fenarimol,fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid (KBR2738), fenpiclonil, fenpropidin,fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone,fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumetover, fluoroimide, fluquinconazole,flusilazole, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fuberidazole, furalaxyl,furametpyr, guazatine, hexaconazole, hydroxyisoxazole, hymexazole,imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate,ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb (SZX0722), isopropanylbutyl carbamate, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, LY186054,LY211795, LY248908, mancozeb, maneb, mefenoxam, mepanipyrim, mepronil,metalaxyl, metconazole, metiram, metiram-zinc, metominostrobin,myclobutanil, neoasozin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate,nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, ofurace, organomercury compounds,oxadixyl, oxasulfuron, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin,pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, phenazin oxide, phosetyl-A1,phosphorus acids, phthalide, picoxystrobin (ZA1963), polyoxin D,polyram, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb,propiconazole, propineb, propionic acid, pyrazophos, pyrifenox,pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur, pyrrolnitrin, quaternary ammoniumcompounds, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, sipconazole (F-155),sodium pentachlorophenate, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulphur,tebuconazole, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole,thifluzamid, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole, thiophanate-methyl,thiram, timibenconazole, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon,triadimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph,trifloxystrobin (CGA279202), triforine, triflumizole, triticonazole,validamycin A, vapam, vinclozolin, zineb and ziram.

The compounds of formula (I) may be mixed with soil, peat or otherrooting media for the protection of plants against seed-borne,soil-borne or foliar fungal diseases.

Examples of suitable synergists for use in the compositions includepiperonyl butoxide, sesamex, safroxan and dodecyl imidazole.

Suitable herbicides and plant-growth regulators for inclusion in thecompositions will depend upon the intended target and the effectrequired.

An example of a rice selective herbicide which may be included ispropanil. An example of a plant growth regulator for use in cotton isPIX™

Some mixtures may comprise active ingredients which have significantlydifferent physical, chemical or biological properties such that they donot easily lend themselves to the same conventional formulation type. Inthese circumstances other formulation types may be prepared. Forexample, where one active ingredient is a water insoluble solid and theother a water insoluble liquid, it may nevertheless be possible todisperse each active ingredient in the same continuous aqueous phase bydispersing the solid active ingredient as a suspension (using apreparation analogous to that of an SC) but dispersing the liquid activeingredient as an emulsion (using a preparation analogous to that of anEW). The resultant composition is a suspoemulsion (SE) formulation.

The invention is illustrated by the following Examples:

EXAMPLE 1

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound LXX.1,1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[(indan-1-one)oxime-3,4′-piperidine]

Step A:

Trifluoroacetic acid (27 ml) was added to a stirred solution ofspiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(3.5 g, prepared according to WO 9736873) in anhydrous dichloromethane(90 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1hour, the washed with saturated bicarbonate solution, dried over sodiumsulphate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 2.3 g ofspiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine] as a brown oil, which was useddirectly in the next step.

Step B:

Potassium carbonate (15.5 g) and 4-chlorocinnamyl chloride (2.1 g) wereadded to a solution of spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine] (2.3 g) inacetonitrile (50 ml) under argon, and the yellow mixture was stirred at70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solventevaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetateand water, the organic layer was dried (sodium sulphate), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography[SiO₂; ethyl acetate-cyclohexane:triethylamine (1:1:0.1)] to give 1.65 gof 1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]as a yellow oil.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.50 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 4H),2.53 (s, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 6.23 (dt,J=16 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.71 (m, 8H); MS (ES+)352/354 (M+H⁺).

Step C:

To a solution of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine] (50mg) in methanol (5 ml) were added sodium acetate (28 mg) andhydroxylamine hydrochloride (22 mg). The reaction mixture was refluxedfor 2 hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane, washed with water, dried (sodium sulphate) andconcentrated in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography of the residue (eluentEtOH: ethyl acetate 9:1) afforded 40 mg of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-(E)-oxime-3,4′-piperidine]and 7 mg of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-(Z)-oxime-3,4′-piperidine]which were characterised by mass and NMR spectra.

1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-(E)-oxime-3,4′-piperidine]:M.p. 203° C.; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.60 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 4H), 2.80(s, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.26 (dt, J=16Hz, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.33 (m, 7H); 7.57 (d,J=7.6 Hz), 1H); MS (ES+) 367/369 (M+H⁺).

1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-(Z)-oxime-3,4′-piperidine]:¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.60 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 4H), 2.70 (s, 2H), 3.03(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 6.26 (dt, J=16 Hz, 6.0 Hz,1H), 6.45 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.34 (m, 7H); 8.32 (d, J=7.7 Hz), 1H);MS (ES+) 367/369 (M+H⁺).

EXAMPLE 2

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound LXIX.1,1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[(indan-1-ylidene)hydrazine-3,4′-piperidine]

To a solution of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine](Example 1, step B) (2.49 g) in ethanol (75 ml) was added hydrazinemonohydrate (0.4 ml) and one drop of acetic acid. The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 12 hours and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with saturatedaqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried (sodium sulphate) and concentrated invacuo. The solid residue was recrystallised from ethyl acetate to give2.2 g (88%) of a white solid. M.p. 140-142° C.;1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[(indan-1-(E)-ylidene)hydrazine-3,4′-piperidine]:¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.45 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 2H), 3.03(d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (d, J=6 Hz, 2H), 6.26 (dt, J=16 Hz, 6 Hz, 1H),6.45 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.37 (m, 7H); 7.57 (d, J=7.2 Hz), 1H); MS(ES+) 366/368 (M+H⁺).

EXAMPLE 3

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound III.3,2-chloroisonicotinic acid[1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine]]hydrazide

To a solution of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine](example 1, step B) (20 mg) in ethanol (3 ml) was added2-chloro-isonicotinic acid hydrazide (15 mg) and one drop of sulphuricacid. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 12 hours and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed withsaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried (sodium sulphate) andconcentrated in vacuo. The solid residue was purified by preparativeHPLC to give 22 mg of 2-chloroisonicotinic acid[1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine]]hydrazide;M.p. 240° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.5 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 2.70 (s,2H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 6.26 (dt, J=15.8 Hz, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45(d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.1-7.9 (m, 10H); 8.50 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 9.42 (brs, 1H); MS (ES+) 505/507 (M+H⁺).

Compounds 1.3, 11.3, V.3, XII.3, LXVIII.14, LXVIII.15, LXIX.2, LXIX.3,LXIX.4, LXIX.13, LXIX.14, LXIX.16, LXIX.17, LXIX.18, LXIX.19, LXIX.20,LXIX.21 and LXIX.22 were prepared according to procedures analogous tothose described in Example 3.

EXAMPLE 4

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound III.49,2-chloroisonicotinic acid[5-chloro-1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine]]hydrazide

Step A:

To a solution of 5-chloroindene (4.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) at 0°C. was added dropwise lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1M intetrahydrofuran, 70 ml) over 30 min. The resulting solution was stirredat 0° C. for 1 hour then transferred by cannula into a solution ofbis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (6.8 g) intetrahydrofuran at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for2 hours then at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporatedin vacuo then the residue dissolved in dichloromethane, filtered overHyflo, and concentrated in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography of theresidue (eluent cyclohexane:ethyl acetate 8:2) afforded 7.3 g (82%) of a1:1 regioisomeric mixture of5-chloro-spiro[indene-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acid tert-butylester and 6-chloro-spiro[indene-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.16 (m, 2H), 1.32 (s, 9H),1.81 (m, 2H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 6.55 (6.56 for the isomer) (d,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (6.72 for the isomer) (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98-7.12(m, 3H); MS (ES+) 220/222 (M-isobutene-CO₂+H⁺).

Step B:

To a solution of the regioisomeric mixture obtained in Step A (7 g) intetrahydrofuran (90 ml) at 70° C. under argon was added dropwise9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (0.5M in tetrahydrofuran, 132 ml); thesolution was heated at 70° C. for 30 min and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in dichloromethane (440 ml), cooled to 0° C. andpyridinium chlorochromate (14.2 g) was added portionwise over 15 min.The resulting mixture was refluxed for 30 min, cooled to roomtemperature, diluted with ether (150 ml) and filtered on Hyflo.Concentration in vacuo followed by silica gel chromatography of theresidue (eluent cyclohexane:ethyl acetate 9:1) afforded 0.43 g of6-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester and 0.8 g of5-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester.

5-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.70 (m, 2H),1.92 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 2H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.1 Hz); MS (ES+) 236(M-isobutene-CO₂+H⁺).

Step C:

By analogy to the procedure described in Example 1, step A,5-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1 g) was converted into5-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine] (0.75 g).

Step D:

By analogy to the procedure described in Example 1, step B,5-chloro-spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine] (118 mg) was converted into5-chloro-1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine](70 mg). MS (ES+) 386/388 (M+H⁺).

Step E:

By analogy to the procedure described in Example3,5-chloro-1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine](70 mg) was converted into the title compound (46 mg). M.p. 212° C.; MS(ES+) 540 (M+H⁺). Compounds III.26, III.29, III.30, III.52, III.53,III.210, III.213, III.214, III.233, III.236 and III.237 were preparedaccording to procedures analogous to those described in Example 4.

EXAMPLE 5

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound III.1,2-chloroisonicotinic acid[1′-(4-chlorobenzyl)spiro[indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine]]hydrazide

Step A:

To a solution of spiro[indan-1-one-3,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (1.5 g) and 2-chloro-isonicotinic acid hydrazide (858mg) in ethanol (50 ml) was added one drop of sulphuric acid, and themixture was refluxed for 5 hours. The solvent was evaporated then theresidue was dissolved in dichloromethane, the organic layer washed withsaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried (sodium sulphate) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gelchromatography (eluent ethyl acetate:cyclohexane 6:4) to give 1.6 g(70%) of the hydrazide LXVIII.2 as a yellowish solid; M.p. 90-95° C. MS(ES+) 455 (M+H⁺), 399 (M-isobutene+H⁺).

Step B:

Trifluoroacetic acid (7.3 ml) was added to a stirred solution of thehydrazide obtained in Step A (1.46 g) in anhydrous dichloromethane (30ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reactionwas washed with saturated bicarbonate solution, dried over sodiumsulphate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 1.1 g (98%) of2-chloroisonicotinic acid[spiro(indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine)]hydrazide LXVIII. 1 as a yellowsolid, which was used directly in the next step. M.p. 175-180° C. MS(ES+) 355 (M+H⁺).

Step C:

Diisopropylethylamine (0.07 ml) and 4-chlorobenzyl chloride (32 mg) wereadded to a solution of 2-chloroisonicotinic acid[spiro(indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine)]hydrazide (71 mg) inacetonitrile (3 ml) under argon, and the mixture was refluxed for 1hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washedwith saturated bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (sodiumsulphate), filtered and the solvents removed in vacuo. The crude productwas purified by column chromatography [SiO₂; ethyl acetate-triethylamine(100:0.1)] to give 33 mg (35%) of the title compound as a white solid;M.p. 198-200° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.43 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 4H),2.68 (s, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 7.04-7.91 (m, 10H), 8.48 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 9.44 (br s, 1H); MS (ES+) 352/354 (M+H⁺).

Compounds III.6, III.7, LXVIII.3, LXVIII, LXVIII.5, LXVIII.6, LXVIII.7,LXVIII.8, LXVIII.9, LXVIII.10, LXVIII.11, LXVIII.12 and LXVIII.13 wereprepared according to procedures analogous to those described in Example5.

EXAMPLE 6

This Example illustrates the preparation of compound LXIX.5

To a solution of1′-[trans-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indan-1-ylidene-3,4′-piperidine]hydrazine(Example 2) (150 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) was added4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate (38 mg) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 20 min. The solution was concentrated invacuo to give 136 mg of a solid which was washed with colddichloromethane to afford 70 mg (50%) of the title compound as a whitesolid; M.p. 225° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 4H),2.61 (s, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 3.11 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.25 (dt, J=16 Hz,6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.1-7.7 (m, 12H); 8.17 (s, 1H), 9.30(s, 1H); MS (ES+) 569 (M+H⁺).

Compounds LXIX.6 to LXIX.12 inclusive, LXIX.15 and LXIX.23 were preparedaccording to procedures analogous to those described in Example 6.

EXAMPLE 7

This Example illustrates the pesticidal/insecticidal properties ofcompounds of formula (I).

Test against were performed as follows:Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian cotton leafworm)

Cotton leaf discs were placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate andsprayed with test solutions at an application rate of 200 ppm. Afterdrying, the leaf discs were infested with 5 L₁ larvae. The samples werechecked for mortality, repellent effect, feeding behaviour, and growthregulation 3 days after treatment (DAT). The following compounds gave atleast 80% control of Spodoptera littoralis:

II.3, III.1, III.3, III.7, III.26, III.29, III.30, III.49, III.52,III.53, III.214, III.233, III.236, III.237, V.3, XVII.3, LXVIII.3,LXVIII.4, LXVIII.8, LXVIII.9, LXVIII.11, LXVIII.12, LXIX.1, LXIX.13,LXIX.16, LXIX.20, LXIX.21, LXIX.22.

Heliothis virescens (Tobacco budworm):

Eggs (0-24 h old) were placed in 24-well microtiter plate on artificialdiet and treated with test solutions at an application rate of 200 ppmby pipetting. After an incubation period of 4 days, samples were checkedfor egg mortality, larval mortality, and growth regulation. Thefollowing compounds gave at least 80% control of Heliothis virescen:II.3, III.1, III.3, III.6, III.7, III.26, III.29, III.30, III.49,III.52, III.53, III.210, III.213, III.214, III.233, III.236, III.237,V.3, XII.3, LXVIII.4, LXVIII.6, LXVIII.7, LXVIII.8, LXVIII.9, LXVIII.11,LXVIII.12, LXIX.2, LXIX.3, LXIX.13, LXIX.16, LXIX.19, LXIX.20, LXIX.21,LXIX.22.

Plutella xylostella (Diamond back moth):

24-well microtiter plate (MTP) with artificial diet was treated withtest solutions at an application rate of 18.2 ppm by pipetting. Afterdrying, the MTP's were infested with larvae (L2)(10-15 per well). Afteran incubation period of 5 days, samples were checked for larvalmortality, antifeedant and growth regulation. The following compoundsgave at least 80% control of Plutella xylostella:

II.3, III.3, III.6, III.7, III.26, III.29, III.30, III.49, III.52,III.53, III.210, III.213, III.214, III.233, III.236, III.237, V.3,XII.3, LXVIII.8, LXIX. 1, LXIX.2, LXIX.3, LXIX.12, LXIX.13, LXIX.16,LXIX.19, LXIX.20, LXIX 1.21, LXIX.22, LXX.1.

Tetranychus urticae (Two-Spotted Spider Mite):

Bean leaf discs on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed withtest solutions at an application rate of 200 ppm. After drying, the leafdiscs are infested with mite populations of mixed ages. 8 days later,discs are checked for egg mortality, larval mortality, and adultmortality. The following compounds gave at least 80% control ofTetranychus urticae: III.26, LXIX.21.

Aedes aegypti (Yellow fever mosquito):

10-15 Aedes larvae (L2) together with a nutrition mixture are placed in96-well microtiter plates. Test solutions at an application rate of 2ppm are pipetted into the wells. 2 days later, insects were checked formortality and growth inhibition. The following compounds gave at least80% control of Aedes aegypti

II.3, III.3, III.7, III.26, III.29, III.30, III.49, III.52, III.53,III.213, III.214, III.233, III.236, V.3, LXVIII.12, LXIX.21, LXIX.22.

1. A compound of formula I:

wherein X is O or NR¹¹; R¹¹ is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl,optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; Y is asingle bond, C═O, C═S or S(O)_(m); m is 0, 1 or 2; R¹ is hydrogen,optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl,optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, optionallysubstituted alkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituteddialkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionallysubstituted aryloxy, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionallysubstituted heterocyclyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted alkenyl,optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl,optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, formyl, optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, optionally substituted alkylthio, NO or NR¹³R¹⁴; R¹³ andR¹⁴ are each independently hydrogen, COR¹⁵, optionally substitutedalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,or optionally substituted heterocyclyl or R¹³ and R¹⁴ together with theN atom to which they are attached form a group —N═C(R¹⁶)—NR¹⁷R¹⁸; R¹⁵ isH, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy,optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy or NR¹⁹R²⁰;R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently H or lower alkyl; R¹⁹ and R²⁰are independently optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedaryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R² and R³ are independentlyhydrogen, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted alkoxy or optionally substituted aryl; each R⁴ isindependently halogen, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted C₁₋₈ alkyl,optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₆alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylaminocarbonyl, optionallysubstituted dialkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substitutedalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substitutedheteroaryloxy, optionally substituted alkylthio or R²¹R²²N; R²¹ and R²²are each independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or R²¹ and R²² together withthe N atom to which they are attached form a five, six or seven-memberedheterocyclic ring which may contain one or two further heteroatomsselected from O, N or S and which may be optionally substituted by oneor two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; or 2 adjacent groups R⁴ together with thecarbon atoms to which they are attached form a 4, 5, 6, or 7 memberedcarbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may be optionally substituted byhalogen; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each Ra is independently hydrogen,halogen, hydroxy, cyano, optionally substituted C₁₋₈ alkyl, optionallysubstituted C₂₋₆ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₆ alkynyl,optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substitutedalkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylaminocarbonyl, optionallysubstituted dialkylaminocarbonyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substitutedalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substitutedheteroaryloxy, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substitutedarylthio or R²³R²⁴N; R²³ and R²⁴ are each independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl, or C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl or R²³ and R²⁴ together with the N atom to which they areattached form a five, six or seven-membered heterocyclic ring which maycontain one or two further heteroatoms selected from O, N or S and whichmay be optionally substituted by one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; or two Ragroups attached to the same carbon atom are ═O or two Ra groups attachedto adjacent carbon atoms form a bond, or two Ra groups together with thecarbon atom to which they are attached form a three- to seven-memberedring, that may be saturated or unsaturated, and that may contain one ortwo hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, andwhich may be optionally substituted by one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; ortwo Ra groups together form a group —CH₂—, —CH═CH— or —CH₂CH₂; p is 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 provided that p+q is 1,2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and R⁸ is optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionallysubstituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionallysubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl oroptionally substituted alkenylcarbonyl; or salts or N-oxides thereof. 2.A compound according to claim 1, wherein X is NH and Y is a single bondor C═O.
 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein each Ra is hydrogenand R² and R³ are each independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or cyano.
 4. A compound according to claim 1,wherein R¹ is hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ cyanoalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl;heteroaryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein the heteroaryl group may be optionallysubstituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, orarylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on the heteroaryl ring may becyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,itself optionally substituted with halogen; aryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein thearyl group may be optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl,C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, or arylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on thearyl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic orheterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted with halogen; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino(C₁₋₆)alkyl; aryl which may be optionally substitutedby halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, or arylcarbonyl, or twoadjacent positions on the aryl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substitutedwith halogen; heteroaryl which may be optionally substituted by halo,nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, or arylcarbonyl, or twoadjacent positions on the heteroaryl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6or 7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionallysubstituted with halogen; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; phenoxy whereinthe phenyl group is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino; heteroaryloxy optionally substituted by halo,nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆haloalkoxy; heterocyclyloxy optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; cyano; C₂₋₆ alkenyl;C₂₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl; heterocyclyloptionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkylthio; C₁₋₆haloalkylthio or NR¹³R¹⁴; and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each independentlyhydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl; phenylwhich may be optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino or C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein thephenyl group may be optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino, dialkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ or alkoxycarbonyl, or twoadjacent positions on the phenyl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or7 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, itself optionallysubstituted with halogen; heteroaryl (C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein the heteroarylgroup may be optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, or arylcarbonyl, or two adjacent positions on theheteroaryl ring may be cyclised to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclicor heterocyclic ring, itself optionally substituted with halogen; orheteroaryl which may be optionally substituted by (i) halo, (ii) nitro,(iii) cyano, (iv) C₁₋₆ alkyl, (v) C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, (vi) C₁₋₆ alkoxy,(vii) C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy, (viii) C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyl, (ix) C₁₋₆alkylcarbonylamino, (x) phenyloxycarbonylamino wherein the phenyl groupis optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino, (xi) amino, (xii) C₁₋₆ alkylamino, or (xiii) phenylaminowherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl,heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino.
 5. A compound according to claim 1,wherein each R⁴ is independently halogen; cyano; C₁₋₈ alkyl; C₁₋₈haloalkyl; C₁₋₆ cyanoalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₅₋₆ cycloalkenyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₃₋₆alkenyloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl; aryloxy(C₁₋₆)alkyl;C₁₋₆ carboxyalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₂₋₆alkenylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₂₋₆ alkynylcarbonyl(C₁₋₆)-alkyl; C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₃₋₆alkynyloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; aryloxycarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylthio(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; amino carbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylaminocarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl; di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₁₋₆)alkyl;phenyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl wherein the phenyl group is optionally substituted byhalogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN,NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino or dialkylamino; heteroaryl(C₁₋₄)alkylwherein the heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by halo, nitro,cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy;heterocyclyl(C₁₋₄)alkyl wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionallysubstituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; aminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl;C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl;di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkenyl; phenyl(C₂₋₄)-alkenyl whereinthe phenyl group is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl,amino or dialkylamino; C₂₋₆ alkynyl; trimethylsilyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl; aminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl; C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl;di(C₁₋₆)alkylaminocarbonyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇ halocycloalkyl; C₃₋₇ cyanocycloalkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl(C₃₋₇)-cycloalkyl; C₁₋₃ alkyl(C₃₋₇)halocycloalkyl; phenyloptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino; heteroaryl optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano,C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; orheterocyclyl wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted byhalo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆haloalkoxy; or 2 adjacent groups R⁴ together with the carbon atoms towhich they are attached form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocylic orheterocyclic ring which may be optionally substituted by halogen; C₁₋₈alkoxy; C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; phenoxy optionally substituted by halo, nitro,cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy;heteroaryloxy optionally substituted by halo, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy; C₁₋₈ alkylthio orR¹⁹R²⁰N; R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are each independently hydrogen, C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₂₋₆ haloalkyl, or C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl; or R¹⁹ and R²⁰ together with the N atom to which theyare attached form a five, six or seven-membered heterocyclic ring whichmay contain one or two further heteroatoms selected from O, N or S andwhich may be optionally substituted by one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; andn is 0, 1, 2 or
 3. 6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁸ isC₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ haloalkyl; aryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein the aryl group isoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino; heteroaryl(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein the heteroaryl group isoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino; arylcarbonyl-(C₁₋₆)alkyl wherein the aryl group may beoptionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino and the alkyl group may be optionally substituted by aryl;C₂₋₈ alkenyl; C₂₋₈ haloalkenyl; aryl(C₂₋₆)-alkenyl wherein the arylgroup is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent substituents onthe aryl group cyclise to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic orheterocyclic ring; heteroaryl(C₂₋₆)-alkenyl wherein the heteroaryl groupis optionally substituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino,dialkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, or two adjacent substituents onthe heteroaryl group cyclise to form a 5, 6 or 7 membered carbocyclic orheterocyclic ring; C₂₋₆ alkynyl; phenyl(C₂₋₆)alkynyl wherein the phenylgroup is optionally substituted by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino; C₃₋₇ cyclo alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl;C₁₋₆ haloalkylcarbonyl; aryl(C₂₋₆)alkenylcarbonyl wherein the aryl groupmay be optionally substituted halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy, CN, NO₂, aryl, heteroaryl, amino ordialkylamino; or—C(R⁵¹)(R⁵²)—[CR⁵³═CR⁵⁴ ]z-R⁵⁵; z is 1 or 2; R⁵¹ and R⁵² are eachindependently H, halo or C₁₋₂ alkyl; R⁵³ and R⁵⁴ are each independentlyH, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; and R⁵⁵ is optionallysubstituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
 7. A compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein p is 1 or 2 and q is
 2. 8. A compound offormula II

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁸, Ra, n, p and q are as defined in claim 1 and R⁸may also be hydrogen or tert-butoxycarbonyl; or a compound of formulaIII

wherein X, Y, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, Ra, n, p and q are as defined in claim 11and R⁸ is hydrogen or tert-butoxycarbonyl.
 9. An insecticidal acaricidaland nematicidal composition comprising an insecticidally, acaricidallyor nematicidally effective amount of a compound of claim
 1. 10. A methodof combating and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscswhich comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plantsusceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally,nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of claim1.